The Images of Full Fathom Five :: Full Fathom Five Essays

The Images of Full Fathom Five In the world of seafaring men, William Shakespeare may not be particularly celebrated. It can't, however, be said that he didn't try his hand at a dirge for such sailors in his poem, "Full Fathom Five." In this poem, the use of concrete images and onomatopoeia brings to life the poem, bringing the reader closer to the bottom of the sea where the poem is set. On the seafloor, we are told, a corpse of "thy father" (Imogen) lies (l. 1). The poem instantly then begins to paint the setting of his watery grave with images that the reader is then almost able to see. "Of his bones are corals made;/Those are pearls that were his eyes" (ll. 2-3) presents two images in quick succession, as our minds latch on to the idea of vibrantly colored coral and milky pearl. We begin, through these carefully selected images, to see the situation the corpse rests in. "...doth suffer a sea change/Into something rich and strange." (ll. 5-6) is a more subtle image, calling on the associations that the reader holds in his or her mind. The word "sea" brings to mind varied input from impressions of the sea- usually above it. This makes the reader think of the tossing waves and changes of the sea, which are then reinforced (in the context below the waves) by the combination with the word "change" directly afterwards, and the explanation that the changes are "rich and strange." This makes us think of almost supernaturally strange changes, but in a warmer context because of their "rich"ness. Once we have these images in mind, we are presented with the concept of the sea nymphs ringing bells for the deceased- "hourly ring his knell:/Ding-dong." (ll. 7-8) How do they ring the bells? With the sound "ding-dong," the onomatopoeic qualities of which help bring the reader over the shifting waves to the sound of the bell. "Hark! now I hear them-Ding-dong, bell." Because the poet states that he can "hear them," he brings us to that other sense beyond images- a world of auditory perception.

African Americans in American Society 1920s Essay

Many blacks contributed to the success of our country in every war that we as a people have ever fought. In order to properly thank them for their heroic effort, I as a Hispanic Caucasian must give credit where credit is due. In order to properly do so, I must begin with the contributions of â€Å"Black America† beginning with the American Revolution and continue up until the World War II. Make no mistake blacks made contributions well past World War II, but in the interest of time and accuracy I must stay within the confines of our earlier history. One main aspect that should be analyzed is the fact that no matter how hard the struggle, blacks have always overcome adversity no matter what the cost. Of course, contributions made by blacks are not limited to war alone, but include a wide spectrum of achievements that have advanced civilization as a whole. My personal respect and thanks go to all people who have served and continue to serve this country at any capacity. But we must never forget the contributions made by our black brothers and sisters who gave their lives fighting for a cause that so greatly affected their lives as well as our well being. Charles Dickens said it best in his book A Tale of Two Cities, â€Å"It was the best of times it was the worst of times†. The American Revolution was a time of great struggle for people of all races. But, Blacks in particular understood the literal meaning of patriot rhetoric, eagerly took up the cause of American freedom, fighting bravely in the early confrontations with the British. Though the revolution freed some blacks and set the country on a course toward the abolition of slavery, political accommodation to plantation owners forestalled emancipation for many blacks in the south for 90 more years. A black man was one of the first martyrs of the patriot cause. Crispus Attucks, apparently a slave who had run away from his owner 20 years before, died in the Boston Massacre in 1770. Though facts were disputed at trials then as now, witnesses said Attucks hit a British officer with a large piece of firewood, grabbed a bayonet and urged the crowd to attack just before the British fired. Attucks and two others were killed while eight were wounded, two mortally. Blacks served at the battles of Lexington and Concord. Peter Salem, a freed slave, stood on the green at Lexington facing the British when the first battle broke out with the shot that was heard around the world. One of the last men wounded in the battle as the British escaped to Boston was Prince Estabrook, a black man from West Lexington. At least 20 blacks, including Peter Salem, were in the ranks two months later when the British attacked an American position outside Boston in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Salem has been honored for firing the shot that killed Major John Pitcairn, the British officer who led the Redcoats when they had attacked his small unit at Lexington. Unable to venture outside Boston and then threatened with cannon surrounding the city, the British left Boston for New York. As the war changed from a Massachusetts endeavor to a broader conflict throughout the colonies, the politics of race changed dramatically. Blacks had been welcomed in the New England militia, but Congress initially decided against having them in the Continental army. Congress needed support from the South if all the colonies were to win their independence from England. Since southern plantation owners wanted to keep their slaves, they were afraid to give guns to blacks. Congress ordered all blacks removed from the army, but black veterans appealed directly to George Washington, who took up their cause with John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress. Blacks serving in the army were allowed to stay, but new enlistments were forbidden. Though the Declaration of Independence declared that â€Å"all men were created equal,† many blacks soon saw more opportunity on the British side. The British governor of Virginia promised immediate freedom and wages to any slave who would join the Kings army. Hundreds flocked to the standard of the governor, Lord Dunmore, but he was denied a base on the land by the American forces and many of the blacks who joined him died of smallpox on overcrowded ships. The loyalty of blacks was a serious issue for the American leaders because blacks made up one-fifth of the two million people in the colonies. With the British soldiers already outnumbering the American troops, and recruitment difficult for the patriots, the northern colonies soon again began to enlist blacks. Rhode Island made up a regiment almost entirely of blacks. As the war continued, colonies as far south as Maryland and Virginia were recruiting free blacks for the American cause. As the war spread into the South, Congress found it needed to recruit slaves. It offered to pay South Carolina slave owners $1,000 for able-bodied male slaves. The slaves would receive no pay, but would be given $50 and their freedom at the end of the war if they served â€Å"well and faithfully. † The South Carolina Assembly threatened to leave the war, dooming the plan in the southernmost colonies. Recruitment of blacks to the American cause continued further north, but the patriots had less success than the British. The offer of immediate freedom extended by Virginia’s unfortunate loyalist governor was eventually made by the British throughout the colonies. Slaves joined the British by the tens of thousands. The fate of the loyalist blacks varied considerably. Some were captured by Americans and either returned to their masters or treated as war loot and sold back into slavery. Approximately 20,000 were with the British at the end of the war, taken to Canada or the Caribbean. Some became the founders of the British colony of Sierra Leone in West Africa. Even though the British offered slaves a better deal, many blacks served on the American side. They made up a sizeable share of the men in the Continental navy, state navies and the large force of American privateers. Blacks had long been in the labor force on ships and at seaports. On the water, then as now, skill counted for more than politics. The precise role of blacks in the revolution is difficult to quantify. Blacks in those days generally did not write. The people who did write early histories of the revolution were whites and concentrated on the efforts of white men. Also, many participants in the revolution were not specifically identified by race in the documents of the time and historians now have no way of knowing whether they were black. When blacks were allowed to serve in the American military, they often did work as laborers, sometimes in addition to regular soldier duties. Usually they were privates, though a few rose to command small groups of men. The words of the Declaration of Independence were taken literally by blacks and some whites. In, 1780, Pennsylvania became the first colony to pass a law phasing out slavery. Children born to slaves after that date were granted their freedom when they reached 28. Other northern states followed. The Superior Court of Massachusetts held in 1783 that slavery violated the state constitution, and New Hampshire also ended slavery by a court ruling. Vermont outlawed slavery and Connecticut and Rhode Island passed gradual emancipation laws. New York outlawed slavery in 1799 and New Jersey followed in 1804. The international slave trade was outlawed in 1808. Progress then came to a stop. A boom in cotton production spread the slave economy into the lower Mississippi Valley. Slave states were careful to control at least half the political power in the federal government, blocking any national movement against slavery until the Civil War. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the rebelling territories of the confederacy and authorizing Black enlistment in the Union Army. Since the beginning of the Civil War, free Black people in general, and Black Bostonians in particular, were ready to gather arms on behalf of the Union, yet they were prevented from doing so. Popular racial stereotypes and institutional discrimination against Blacks in the military contributed to the prevailing myth that Black men lacked the intelligence and bravery necessary to serve their country. By the fall of 1862, however, the lack of White Union enlistment and confederate victories at Antietem forced the U. S. government to reconsider its racist policy. As Congress met in October to address the issue of Black enlistment, various troops of Black volunteers had already been organized, including the First South Carolina and the Kansas Colored Troops. It wasn’t until January 26, 1863; however, that secretary of war Edwin Stanton authorized the enlistment of Black troops. As a result, the 54th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer infantry was founded, becoming the first all-Black Union regiment raised in the north. Training began for Black volunteers at Camp Meigs in Reedville, MA on February 21, 1863. Although some members of the community voiced opposition to the prevention of Black men from achieving the rank of colonel or officer, most community activists urged Black men to seize the opportunity to serve in the Union forces. The fear many Black volunteers had about the potential racism of White officers and colonels was calmed when Massachusetts Governor John Andrew assured Bostonians that White officers assigned to the 54th Regiment would be â€Å"young men of military experience, of firm anti-slavery principles, ambitious, superior to a vulgar contempt for color, and having faith in the capacity of colored men for military service. † Andrew held to his word, appointing 25-year-old Robert Gould Shaw as colonel and George P. Hallowell as Lieutenant. The son of wealthy abolitionists, Shaw had been educated in Europe and at Harvard before joining the seventh New York National Guard in 1861. In 1862, when Governor Andrew contacted Shaw’s father about the prospect of commissioning his son as colonel of the soon-to-be organized fifty-fourth, Shaw was an officer in the Second Massachusetts Infantry. Although reluctant to accept the commission, Shaw eventually became colonel. By the time training began at Camp Meigs, Shaw and his officers began work with the soldiers whose bravery would forever change public perception of Black military skill and valor. Black community leaders across the country such as Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown served as recruiting agents for the Union army. As a result, over 1000 volunteers enlisted in the 54th Regiment, a response so overwhelming that Massachusetts organized a second Black regiment, the fifty-fifth. Men of the fifty-fourth represented twenty-four states, the District of Columbia, the West Indies, and Africa. Approximately 25% of them had been slaves, over 50% were literate, and, although as civilians they had worked in forty-six different occupations, the overwhelming majorities (55%) were common laborers. Regardless of origin, occupation, or social class, the men of the 54th Regiment both inspired Boston’s Black community and provided a symbol of pride for abolitionists across the country. Activists such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass visited Camp Meigs to show their support. Although the organization of the 54th Regiment resolved the conflict over Black enlistment in the Union army, the struggle of Black soldiers to gain respect in the military was just beginning. Upon arrival in the south, the Black soldiers were often treated as common laborers and the potential for their valor on the battlefield was disregarded. Upon arriving in Georgia on June 11, they were ordered by Col. James Montgomery of the Department of the South to raid the town of Darien. Reports of Black soldiers burning buildings and ravaging the homes of townspeople confirmed stereotypes of Black soldiers as un-trainable brutes. Col. Shaw found the raid on Darien barbarous and distasteful, and sent a letter to Brigadier General George C. Strong, requesting that the men be used in the planned attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina. On July 16, the 54th Regiment fought alongside White soldiers of the 10th Connecticut Infantry in a skirmish on James Island, SC. This battle redeemed the Black soldiers’ fighting ability in the eyes of White skeptics, including General Strong, who commanded the 54th Regiment to lead the assault on Fort Wagner, scheduled for July 18. Strategically, a successful attack on Fort Wagner would allow Union forces to seize control of Charleston Harbor. Located on Morris Island, Fort Wagner protected Battery Gregg overlooking Fort Sumter. Thus, seizure of Fort Wagner was valuable because it enabled the Union to shell Sumter and close the harbor to confederate blockade runners, thereby paving the way for further Union attack on Charleston. Fort Wagner was located at the northern tip of Morris Island, and was controlled by 1700 troops and 17 artillery guns. Depleted to just over 600 men by the skirmish two days previous, the men of the 54th Regiment were ordered to lead the assault on Fort Wagner with the backing of regiments from New York, Connecticut, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Before the charge commenced, Colonel Shaw ordered the regiment to â€Å"prove yourselves as men. † Within 200 feet of the Fort, the confederates began to attack as the brave men of the 54th Regiment struggled through darkness, four-foot deep water, and marshland. Colonel Shaw, accompanied by dwindling numbers of dying men, managed to reach the top of the parapet where a bitter hand-to-hand combat ensued, the Black Union soldiers with bayonets against the White Confederate soldiers with handspikes and gun rammers. Colonel Shaw was mortally wounded with a pierce through the heart, along with a dozen of his men. Meanwhile, members of the 54th Regiment – some wounded, some dying – began to retreat; those who refused to back down were taken prisoner. As the smoke cleared, evidence of Confederate victory was immediately apparent, with 174 Rebel casualties and 1515 Union soldiers dead or wounded. Of the eleven regiments who participated in the Union assault, the fifty-forth Regiment accrued the most casualties, with 256 of their 600 men dead or wounded. Despite the heavy losses, the assault on Fort Wagner proved to the nation and the world the valor of Black soldiers in general and the men of the 54th Regiment in particular. From the ranks of the fifty-forth came stories of unfailing patriotism and undying glory. The men of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, their White officers, colonel, and allies, not only struck a blow for American freedom and unity, they also proved to the nation and the world the valor, bravery, and devotion of African American soldiers. In the sacrifice made by Col. Shaw and his soldiers, Americans witnessed, for the first time, the supremacy of equality over racism, discrimination, and ignorance. Upon his death at Fort Wagner, the body of Col. Shaw was placed in a mass grave on Morris Island along with the bodies of his soldiers. The lack of proper military burial for a man who had distinguished himself as a soldier and as a leader was intended to insult the honor of Shaw and his family, who were deemed as race traitors by Confederates and White unionists alike. However, upon learning that his son had been buried with his black soldiers, Francis Shaw stated, with dignity, that â€Å"We hold that a soldier’s most appropriate burial place is on the field where he has fallen. † This statement and the honor displayed by the Shaw family and veterans of the fifty-fourth helped immortalize Shaw and his men as symbols of the Civil War battle for unity and equality. As a result of the 54th Regiment, over 180,000 Black men enlisted under the Union flag between 1863 and 1865. AFRICAN AMERICAN MILITARY SERVICE from WWI through WWII. During the global conflicts of the first half of the 20th century, U. S. servicemen fought in Europe for the first time in the nation’s history. African Americans were among the troops committed to combat in World War I (WWI) and World War II (WWII), even though they and other black Americans were denied the full blessings of the freedom for which the United States had pledged to fight. Traditional racist views about the use of black troops in combat initially excluded African Americans from the early recruiting efforts and much of the actual combat in both wars. Nonetheless, large numbers of African Americans still volunteered to fight for their country in 1917-18 and 1940-45. Once again, many black servicemen hoped their military contribution and sacrifice would prove to their white countrymen that African Americans desired and deserved a fully participatory role in U. S. society. Unfortunately, the deeply entrenched negative racial attitudes prevalent among much of the white American population, including many of the nation’s top military and civilian leaders, made it very difficult for blacks to serve in the military establishment of this period. African-American servicemen suffered numerous indignities and received little respect from white troops and civilians alike. The historic contributions by blacks to the defense of the United States were usually ignored or downplayed, while combat failures similar to those of whites and violent racial incidents often provoked by whites were exaggerated into a condemnation of all African Americans. In the â€Å"Jim Crow† world of pre-1945 America, black servicemen confronted not only the hostility of enemies abroad but that of enemies at home. African-American soldiers and sailors had two formidable obstacles to deal with: discrimination and segregation. Yet, black servicemen in both world wars repeatedly demonstrated their bravery, loyalty, and ability in combat or in support of frontline troops. Oftentimes, they accomplished these tasks without proper training or adequate equipment. Poor communications and a lack of rapport with their white officers were two additional burdens hampering the effectiveness and efficiency of African Americans in the military. Too frequently, there was little or no recognition or gratitude for their accomplishments. One of the worst slights of both wars was the willingness of the white establishment to allow racism to influence the award of the prestigious Medal of Honor. Although several exceptionally heroic African Americans performed deeds worthy of this honor, not one received at the time the award that their bravery and self-sacrifice deserved. It took over 70 years for the United States to rectify this error for WWI and over 50 years for WWII. Despite the hardships and second-class status, their participation in both wars helped to transform many African-American veterans as well as helped to eventually change the United States. Though still limited by discrimination and segregation at home, their sojourn in Europe during WWI and WWII made many black servicemen aware that the racial attitudes so common among white Americans did not prevail everywhere else. The knowledge that skin color did not preclude dignity and respect made many black veterans unwilling to submit quietly to continuing racial discrimination once they returned to the United States. In addition, the growing importance of black votes beginning in the 1930s and 1940s forced the nation’s political and military leaders to pay more attention to African Americans’ demands, particularly in regard to the military. Although it was a tedious and frustrating process, one too often marked by cosmetic changes rather than real reform, by the end of WWII, the U. S. military establishment slowly began to make some headway against racial discrimination and segregation within its ranks. The stage was set for President Harry S Truman’s landmark executive order of 26 July 1948. Another main contribution of note would be the trails and tribulations of the Tuskegee Airmen. In the 1940’s, it was still believed that Blacks were incapable of flying aircraft. This myth was dispelled with the help of the U. S. Congress. On June 27, 1939 – THE CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT was passed. This solitary ACT helped to create a reserve of civilian pilots to be called in case of War. Young black pilots were given the opportunity to train with U. S. approved programs located at TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE. The SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT OF 1940 also increased the opportunity for a broader participation of Blacks in the military when it banned discrimination in the selection and training of all American citizens because of race and color. The success of the CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT helped put the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON OF TUSKEGEE on the map. It was said that â€Å"the success of Negro youth in the Army Air Force would be predicated upon the success of the ‘Tuskegee Experiment. ‘† HBO’s docudrama, THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN, is a good depiction of this era of Black Americans seeking acceptance as military pilots. Because of the opportunity provided by the Civilian Pilot Training Act, the number of Blacks in the ARMY AIR FORCE jumped from 2,250 in 1941 to over 145,000 by 1944. The two major groups to see combat as AAF men were the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON and the 332ND FIGHTER GROUP. Out of the 332nd Group came the 100th, 301st, and 302nd Squadrons under the command of Lieutenant Colonel BENJAMIN O. DAVIS, SR. , who became America’s FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN GENERAL on October 25, 1940. By 1944, the 99th was added to the 332nd and participated in campaigns in Sicily, Rome, and Romania. The 99th and 332nd earned many DISTINGUISHED UNIT CITATIONS. These historical examples are but a small sample of the many great contributions and sacrifices made by black people in order to secure freedom and prosperity for this great nation. We owe them a debt than can never be fully repaid. If anything these great contributions should curtail any negative or racial thoughts toward such a magnanimous people. You would think that with all that has transpired throughout history, that we as a people could live and coexist together with peace and harmony. My only hope is that with time people will come to realize that we are all not that different from one another and that we can thrive together for a better future for all of us.

Cigarettes Advertisements A Look At Couples Essay

Cigarettes Advertisements: A look at couples’ portrayal in the past and present Consumers are struck by several different and diverse advertisements trying to incentivize cigarette smoking. Big tobacco corporations have often used masculinity in the characters of their ads whom have made it ‘cool’ to smoke. The advertising of cigarettes goes back to when companies used creative solutions to sell cigarettes, when a scare arose to make cigarettes seem bad for you because it caused cancer. Cigarette companies quelled these consumers fears, particularly the tobacco company that owns Lucky Strike. Lucky Strike used the slogan â€Å"it’s toasted,† so that consumers can see its cigarette brand in a new light such as being a healthier and higher quality choice when in reality it’s just the same product as before, but it eases the consumer to buying their product. By offering the illusion that Lucky Strike is the safer choice, the advertising company then tries to find a target audience for selling cigarettes which, of whom in the adver tisements I’m analyzing, the target audience are mostly male smokers through the depiction of male dominance. The parallel connection between the Lucky Strike and the Newport cigarettes advertisements is that the advertisers try to sell based on men’s desire to smoke and portray women as something of a pastime activity where they are only meant to serve their man. It’s through the use of advertisements such as Lucky Strike and Newport Cigarettes, we learnShow MoreRelatedUsing Deconstructive Criticism to Analyze an Advertisement for Newport Cigarettes954 Words   |  4 Pageshundred advertisements in a single day. 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Evolutionary Theory And The Human Species - 1263 Words

Evolutionary theory, perhaps the first thought is a horizontal line of a monkey walking through a five-step evolutionary process of becoming a human. Most people have a somewhat similar idea when they think about evolutionary theory. From what I have learned thus far in Archaeology is there is more to evolutionary theory than what one would have previously thought. Prior to entering Introduction to Archaeology, I had almost no knowledge about hominin evolution. I happen to be one of the people who had a misconception about how an ape evolves in a single line to a human. For me personally I did not see the relevance of hominin evolution, I believed that evolution did happen, for instance, Darwin s findings on the Galapagos Islands. Nonetheless, I did not believe hominid evolution, nor did I seek to understand it. I believed that God made humans, and I didn t think that God needed to use a model from an ape to make the human species. Most people s issue seems to be the time frame in wh ich science says things have happened, compared with what the Bible says about time frames. That is the least bit of concern for me personally, because Biblically speaking, there is no concept of time for God. 1000 days to us is a day to him and a day to us is 1000 days to him. This makes sense in my mind on why everything is dated back so far, along with the biblical timeline of the earth being made in seven days. Prior to class I believed that hominin evolution was unrealistic, but I didShow MoreRelatedHuman Species Call Neoteny : A Evolutionary Theory That Means The Retention Of Juvenile Characteristics1877 Words   |  8 PagesWe, humans, have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittle-tattle in our lives. 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Evolutionary psychology is a specialist field within the spectrum of psychological enquiry, which seeks to examine and understand some of the predominant reasoning behind the concept of why the human species, whilst biologically similar to other species on the planet, is so very distinctRead MoreEssay about Creation and Evolution: An Eternal Debate1597 Words   |  7 Pagesbut religious activist have criticized the belief since On The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Common ground between the two subjects is a very rough place, but it can be achieved. Reconciliation between the subjects has been achieved but few are standing by it because even the compromise is controversial. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The beliefs of Charles Robert Darwin, as shown in his book On the Origin of Species, are controversial religiously and have been debated since its’ publicationRead MoreARTICLE2 Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pagesargument† was with theologian William Paley. Paley’s view was Intelligent Design; the correlation of the works of god and the words of god. Darwin’s theory involved no personal beliefs but Paley’s does. 4. What did Ernst Mayr mean when he asserted that evolution has both â€Å"horizontal† and â€Å"Vertical† dimensions? The vertical dimension describes how a species responds to an environment over time, and the horizontal dimension describes the adaptations that break through the genetic divide. He states that

The Importance of Honor and Virtue Essay example - 914 Words

The Importance of Honor and Virtue Two important characteristics for warriors are honor and virtue. Virtue is deemed to be the most important to a warriors life and it means achieving your greatest potential as a human being. The reward for great honor and virtue is fame (kleos), which is what guarantees meaning and value to ones life. Dying without fame (akleos) is generally considered a disaster, and the warriors of The Iliad do the most unimaginable deeds to avoid dying in obscurity or infamy. Other components of a warriors heroic code is courage, loyalty, generosity, mercy, dignity, decency, honor, stoicism and strength. This is the heroic code of honor that the warriors are taught throughout their life. It is the code†¦show more content†¦A great, fierce and most of all honored warrior. A warrior without honor does not have meaning in his life. Honor is more important than life itself. Akhilleus is considered to be the best warrior by far any other such as Hector. Akhilleus has all the characteristics of a great warrior, and proves that he is in the Achaean army, but he has character flaws that conflict with his ability to act with nobility and integrity. Akhilleus is arrogant to the point of being flawed; he is self-righteous and thinks of himself first and his immediate family second, which is a direct reflection of him. He needs to make sure that his family is safe and that no harm comes to them. If any harm comes to his family and he did not protect them it will reflect poorly on his ability of being a great warrior. Akhilleus is selfish and cruel and very barbaric, he appears to have two different sides to himself. He is evil on the way he conducts his business as a warrior but he has another side of him that seems to yearn for him to be one of the most cherished and loved warriors at the same time. Akhilleus is one of the warriors that are a classic over-achiever. He was taught how to excel since birth and to excel at everything he did. 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A seminar, the Swarthmore website reads, unites faculty with â€Å"small groups of dedicated and accomplished students† committed to â€Å"independent learning† and â€Å"dialogue with peers, teachers, and examiners.† In light of Aristotelian andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sir Gawain And The Green Knight804 Words   |  4 Pagespeople of the Middle Ages openly received each of these traits, because of the importance they put on acts of nobility and chivalry. The themes of medieval stories were based on beliefs or ideas, expressed by the people of the time. Themes often involved the code of chivalry, which emphasized the importance of honor to the medieval people. The tale of â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† focuses primarily on beliefs of honor, bravery, and chivalry. 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Leadership in Business Influences the Behaviors

Question: Discuss about the Leadership in Business for Influences the Behaviors. Answer: Introduction Leadership is a process by which one person influences the behaviors, attitude and thoughts of other people towards attainment of common aim and objectives. Leadership is only possible when it inspires someone. The effectives of a good leadership are totally dependent on the leadership ideas that can only be communicated to other in a manner to engage them and make them followers. The concept of leadership is essential in every organizational management. The following assignment includes the discussion about leadership in MYER store in Melbourne, Australia. This assignment describes the various styles of leaderships and its effect on a selected organization namely MYER. The behaviors of leadership, traits of leadership, basic power of leadership, differential leads are also assess according to the current environment of MYER. Overview of the Company Background of the Company The MYER store is situated in Melbourne (Australia) is a largest Australian retail store chain group which consists of more than thousand of products in the field of cosmetics, clothing accessories, and footwear, stationery and travel goods (Myer 2016). This department also includes many famous personalities as ambassadors. Figure 1: Home page of MYER (Source: Myer, 2016) The leader in MYER store Achieving professional competence: Jack Donovan has expressed his book which reflects the core virtues of masculinity; yet no individual can attain excellence in all fields. In a situation of leadership deploying and organizing staff members who are more knowledgeable than any staff members at specific fields; does not mean that they remain ignorant (Kumar et al. 2012). The general understandings of their job are necessary. For example, a programmer does not need a super computer; else he needs only concepts and principles of programming application. Appreciation of own strengths and weakness while pursuing self improvement: If the leaders are going to demand more from its employees; then he need to demand more from himself. According to Jack Donovan, it is very important to gear up own limitations and advantage instead of counting others feature. Accept and seek responsibility: In a retail sector chain of MYER, the store manager is accepting and seeking responsibility towards consumer aware ness in purchasing company products and services (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee 2013). The modern boss is achieving glory whilst a true leader is totally opposite. He is willing to take the dictatorship of world around him. This is very crucial to maintain customer loyalty and to draw more new customers towards the organization. Lead by an example: It is very important to demonstrate the upward pull instead of downward pull. To motivate the employees beneath underneath it need to show them as hard the leaders are (Lloyd 2016). It is very essential to set a perfect standard to them to aspire. It is important to be the solution not the question in an organizational management. Intent, meaning and accomplishment: According to Griffies (2012), all leaders in the MYERS retail sector are creative. The leaders is neither the boss nor the followers; if they understand the intend of another employees; they can impoverish it and bring the spectrum of ideas and information which would not have time to search out. Promotion of welfare: The MYERS Corporation gives what the customer wants; not what they need (Kumar et al. 2012). The store manager replaces all cogs of the respective departments which maximum leaders recognize with every individual; they are not disposable and he concerns himself with the betterment of the management perspectives. Development of leadership potential: To be a good leader it is very important to become a good follower. Leadership is not the mortality of MYERS. The store managers manage and manipulate the subordinates with critical understanding to enhance the principles to embody them. According to Griffies (2012), the development of potential in leadership may fall an upstream criterion in every organizational management. Making of timely decision: Making of good decision at right time is very important in every store department. It includes various intellectual concepts of stock and its records (Selcer, Goodman and Decker 2012). A good leader place faith to another leader and achieve confidence to forgive the mistakes that is acquired whilst demonstrating several records and data. The Followers The particular case classifies the followers under the moniker of Middle Management. The fundamental role of the SSM is to operate as the intermediary between the company and the consumers. Their primary functions involve maintaining effective contact with the field associates and aligning the companys targets and objectives accordingly with the market trends. According to Ginnett and Curphy (2015), the follower inputs direct the teams performance because the followers are the closest to the respective actions and resolve the problems efficiently. MYER owes its success majorly to this, at difficult times, determining the company to influence the market instead of being a slave to it. The Situations The offers are available online but will end soon. The ultimate weekend offers are valid on both mens and womens clothing, shoes, jackets, knitwear well as kids toys. The 48 hour online flash sale involves ladies wear, apparels etc. and on using the EXTRACHECK promo code, an additional 10%discount is delivered (Myer, 2016). Currently, there is also a clearance of stock, for which offers a straightaway discount of 50%. There is also the provision for the MYER VISA and cards at the annual fees of $69 and $39 respectively. Apart from this, two brands are launched namely Jack and Jones and the Hemingway design for Royal Doulton products. Behavior of leadership in MYER store There are various behavior of leadership that has been identified and analyzed while studying several articles and books. Some of these include learning continually, listening intently, expanding consistently and ability to see customer perceptions. Based on the scenario of MYERS the text book prescribed by Beck and Cowan (2014) presents that the behavior of leadership is depends upon the given situation. For example teaching, challenging, following, over indulging and solving big issues in an organizational management are the main work behavior of the leaders (Kumar et al. 2012). Learning continually has been sorely defined by Chemers (2014), that the store managers are making use of company resources and activities by initializing the learning by doing method. Listening intently implies listening of customer feedback and employee consideration with a view of creating strategic relationships among an organizational management. Expanding consistently means enhancing the organizational growth strategies in terms of measuring efficiency of customer awareness and maintaining flexibility of staff member associates (Edward and Mbohwa 2013). The MYERS retail segment quantifies the role of leadership in many ways by inhaling certain amendments in various ways. Traits of leadership in MYER store In reviewing the leadership of store manager it is very important to look the importance and purpose of an organizational management. The retail sales organization has develop a direct links to establish a strong bond among different consumer relationships. This concept is known as Personality traits. In the above mentioned books and references, the concept of Ocean Model has been clearly presented in Griffies (2012) and which has done an excellent job in pertaining out several intellectual issues. There are varieties of factors that affect the traits of leaderships which include emotional stability, social boldness, self assurance and compulsiveness. This assignment report also explains the concept of Ocean Model of Personality traits. In a store like MYER a perfect level of openness and compulsiveness has a very high level of neuroticism. In a retail chain management, a store manager possesses these traits at a constant end with no application consistency (Lloyd 2016). For instance, the store manager will display a high level of consistency with regards to the meetings that he has organized; yet the meetings was consistently failed the legitimate power of personality traits will be based on only available position in MYER store. Styles of leadership in MYER store Most of the leadership definitions are found to be common towards achieving a common aim and objectives (Zehrer et al. 2014). The different styles of leadership may influence the effectiveness and direction of leadership. This report also analyses various types of leadership in retail chain store which include Laissez faire, Autocratic, participative, Transactional and Transformable leadership. For the purpose of keeping an effective continuation, Chemers (2014) manifests that the transformational leadership would be ideal or the retail chain store. He also articulated that motivating the positive and emotional communication enforces the belief in the ability of the followers to raise its challenges; being responsive and supportive to the needs of employees in a nutritive environment. Draft (2014) has summarized that the high performance found in maximum followers would subject to transformational leadership which receives higher level of confidence and trust impressed on them by monetary purposes. Attitude of leadership in MYER store The most important attitude of leadership includes Positivity, Purpose, Compassion and Empathy, Humility and Love. In a retail sector like MYER, the store is positive in nature. He is highlighting perfect positive image in from of consumers. It is the essence of the Half Full leader. Purpose identifies the place in which the leaders lead different peoples in order to lead someone. In a retail sector like MYER, the store manager purpose is to lead other staff members so that the high proficiency can be achieved (Simha, Armstrong and Albert 2012). The term Compassion and Empathy implies the Golden Rule. It is concerned with the efficient organizational management that tends to initialize the prejudgment of employees. Therefore, it is very necessary for the store manager to define the new business objectives very clearly to the employees. Power of leadership in MYER store In a retail chain store there are generally five powers of leadership which include Coercive power, Reward, Legitimate, Expert power and referent power. The perfect ideal base in building the trust would be clearly understood by the concept of GAPS analysis (Edward and Mbohwa 2013). The GAPS analysis implies requiring and holding the position and take the further next step in developing and manipulating organizational plans. As manifested by the Chemers (2014), the power of leadership can be categorized into four basic segments which comprises of goals, abilities, standards and perceptions. The goals include building cohesiveness among organizational management. The abilities include strengths and weakness of store manager in a retail chain sector (Kumar et al. 2012). The standard implies maintaining employee and culture engagement while perceptions include direct reports and peers of managers. Lead differentially Explanation of the scenario based on decision making system taken by the leaders The store manager basically involves with two management operations; one is task direction and the other is people management. In this organization, the store manager always tries to motivate the employees through various performance appraisal programs and reward management process (Heath et al. 2013). This will help to maintain healthy relationships inside the organization which in turn will increase the profitability of the organization. The manager has chosen transformational leadership style which helps to meet up the customer demands by analyzing their buying patterns. In this aspect, the manager has decided to implement CRM software in their database system. This CRM solution helps to analyze the buying patterns of the customers based on their age, sex and religion (Kumar et al. 2012). Integration of CRM software is very helpful to enhance the relationships with the customers by proving them new kinds of products and services to the customer over the retail platform. Application of CRM software allows the product developers to differentiate the needs of the customers based on their behaviors and characteristics. This is very crucial to maintain customer loyalty and to draw more new customers towards the organization. Another decision taken by the store manager of MYER is the integration of ERP software inside the business applications (Chemers, 2014). It is one of the best application software is used to support large set of activities inside the organization. From product development to payroll, ERP software effectively monitors the business operation by using the central database of the organization. The store manager has inducted a training session to guide the employees about this new software and its applications in the business organization (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy 2015). As a leader the store manager uses this software because combination of this advanced software helps to increase the process efficiency which is very crucial for the success of retail industry. Impact on the followers in MYER Store Integration of new application is always not accepted by the employees of the organization as they are very much comfortable in using older system and process. Employees can think that the manager only thinks about business benefits but do not thinks about their working personnel (Draft 2014).This can raise internal conflict situations such as high turnover of employees. Therefore, it is very necessary for the store manager to define the new business objectives very clearly to the employees. With the business benefits, the strategized objectives should meet up the needs of the employees as per the business goals. Store manager can face challenges from several ends such as high rate of employee turnover, reduction in inventory shrinkage and many others (Beck and Cowan 2014). All these factors affect the business profit negatively. Moreover, employees will not be interested towards the training session if its goals and objectives are not clearly defined. At the initial stage, situation can be conflict, but things can be improved with proper communication between the authorities and the employees. This can help to improve the inconsistency and uncertainty of the retail platform by improving its operation through advanced merchandise operation (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy 2015). This will help to increase the profitability of the organization with a significant growth. According to Griffies (2012), the retail sales organization has developed a direct links to establish a strong bond among different consumer relationships. The standard implies maintaining employee and culture engagement while perceptions include direct reports and peers of managers. Conclusion This assignment concludes with the broad concept of leadership and its enhancing qualities using relevant sources mentioned above. The explanation of leadership with evaluation, attitude, traits, styles and behavior has been clearly reflected in this assignment report. The entire report presents that leadership is very important for all organizational management; hence without leadership one cannot lead differentially (as mentioned above). In the first relative stanzas, the overview of the company is mentioned; whereas using several resources; the principles, evaluation, traits, attitude and types of leadership are clearly highlighted and reflected. The main purpose of this assignment report is to evaluate the base concept of leadership in MYER store which is situated in Melbourne (Australia) with a chosen leader as a store manager. Using the relevant sources of leadership, this report highlighted and reflected all discussions and explanations with the presentation of leadership in any organizational management. Recommendations Strategic Alignment: The leaders should always try to align the business strategies with the business goals which will help to focus on the targets based on the priorities. In order to achieve that, best business process and policies should be engaged with the business applications. Proper Communication: Leaders should set up a proper two way communication platform throughout the organization. With the leading capabilities, the leaders should also listen to their employees and their concerns. This will help to maintain healthy relationships inside the organization which in turn will increase the profitability of the organization. Proper Evaluation: Before adapting any new technology, the leaders should properly evaluate the applications of new applications and should analyze their benefits for the business organization. In addition, the leaders should clearly define the business goals and objectives so that the employees can help to enhance the product and service quality. Extent the Network: The management networks should be extended to make a strong business relationship with the outside world. This outsources can help the leaders to guide their employees for their own personal development as well as for the business growth. Strengthen the Professional Communities: The leaders should always try to look for new business opportunities which can help them to control the risks and mitigate them by providing bets possible solutions. References Agyapong, A. and Boamah, R.B., 2013. Business strategies and competitive advantage of family hotel businesses in Ghana: The role of strategic leadership. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(2), p.531. Beck, D.E. and Cowan, C., 2014. Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Cappelli, P., Singh, H., Singh, J. and Useem, M., 2015. Indian business leadership: Broad mission and creative value. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(1), pp.7-12. Chemers, M., 2014. An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R.L., 2014. The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Edward, L.N. and Mbohwa, C., 2013. The Role of leadership in business process reengineering:Leaders, do you want to change?. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R. and Messick, D. eds., 2014. Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Griffies, S.M., 2012. Elements of the modular ocean model (MOM). NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, USA. Heath, D., Singh, R., Ganesh, J. and Taube, L., 2013. Building Thought Leadership Through Business-to-Business Social Media Engagement at Infosys. MIS Quarterly Executive, 12(2). Hughes, R, Ginnett, R Curphy, G 2015,Leadership: enhancing the lessons of experience,8th edn, McGraw-Hill Education, New York; (ISBN: 9780077862404). Kumar, J., Rosenberg, D., Courage, C., Rohn, J., Kamm, L., Anderson, L., Holsberry, C. and Chavan, A.L., 2012, May. Women in UX leadership in business. In CHI'12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1107-1110). ACM. Lloyd, G., 2016. Business Leadership for IT projects. Routledge. Mendenhall, M.E. and Osland, J., 2012. Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Myer. (2016).Latest News. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/p/about-myer/latest-news/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Myer. (2016).Myer. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2016]. Selcer, A., Goodman, G. and Decker, P.J., 2012. Fostering Transformational Leadership in Business and Health Administration Education through Appreciative Inquiry Coaching. Business Education Innovation Journal, 4(2). Simha, A., Armstrong, J.P. and Albert, J.F., 2012. Who leads and who lags? A comparison of cheating attitudes and behaviors among leadership and business students. Journal of Education for Business, 87(6), pp.316-324. Storey, J. ed., 2016. Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Tangthanakul, W., Vitoorapakorn, C., Chutikorntaweesin, O., Yodthong, T. and Kamolrat, A., 2015. The Causal Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Crisis Management of Business Organization in Thailand. The International Journal of Business Management, 3(6), p.22. YÄÂ ±ldÄÂ ±rÄÂ ±m, N. and Birinci, S., 2013. Impacts of organizational culture and leadership on business performance: A case study on acquisitions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, pp.71-82. Zehrer, A., Raich, F., Siller, H. and Tschiderer, F., 2014. Leadership networks in destinations.Tourism Review,69(1), pp.59-73.

Andrew Jackson hero/villain free essay sample

Andrew Jackson is a hero for leading the Tennessee Militia at the Battle at New Orleans and defeating the British. He made it the biggest battle of the War of 1 812, and became known as an American hero from then on out. Jacksons presidential election also helped him become more popular because he could relate to many Americans who were struggling with poverty, since he started from there and worked his way up to success. He being able to do that won him the election and, his presidency began very ell after he became the first president to pay off Americas national debt.Andrew Jackson is a villain for passing the Indian Removal Act in 1 830, allowing the Government to forcefully remove the Native Americans from Southern lands to Georgia. Jacksons reasoning for this was that it will separate them from the whites, free them from power of the states, let them pursue their own happiness, and help them become civilized. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Jackson hero/villain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His reasons did not make much sense to many because what if they were already happy here they were? What if they were already civilized?Jackson did not care. This changed a lot of peoples opinion of him especially because during the Worcester vs.. Georgia case, the Supreme Court gave the Cherokee their victory simply stating that they did exist, but Jackson ignored it. He immediately wanted to enforce the law and made federal troops force out all the remaining Cherokee people living in Georgia, with only their clothes on their back. They then started on what is now called the Trail of Tears, where our thousand Cherokee would die.Andrew Jackson deserves to be on the 20 dollar bill. Despite his one bad decision as president, hes made many more honorable choices that still give him all the rights to be. Jackson was a strong leader and a humble person, who unlike most presidents had to work for his success. Andrew Jackson was neither a hero nor a villain yet has rightfully earned for his face to be on the 20 dollar bill for now and forever.